How to Use This Quick Reference
This Quick Reference is for candidates preparing for the PMI Scheduling Professional (PMI-SP), exam code PMI-SP, from PMI. It focuses on the practical scheduling knowledge commonly tested: building a defensible schedule model, analyzing logic and float, estimating durations, managing resources, controlling baselines, communicating schedule performance, and responding to schedule risk.
Use it as a compact review sheet before deeper practice. It is independent exam-prep support and is not affiliated with PMI.
PMI-SP Scheduling Mindset
| Exam mindset | What it means in practice | Common trap |
|---|
| Schedule is a model, not a chart | Logic, calendars, resources, constraints, assumptions, and status data drive dates | Treating a Gantt chart as the schedule model |
| Analyze before acting | Calculate impact, identify drivers, then recommend options | Jumping straight to crashing, escalation, or baseline change |
| Baselines are controlled | Approved schedule baseline changes require change control | Rebaselining to hide variance |
| Progress data must be credible | Actual starts/finishes, remaining duration, and data date must be accurate | Reporting percent complete without validating remaining work |
| Float is a management signal | Total float, free float, and negative float guide prioritization | Assuming every delayed task delays the project |
| Logic should reflect work | Prefer valid predecessor/successor relationships over artificial constraints | Using hard constraints or lags to force dates |
| Communication is tailored | Different stakeholders need different schedule views | Sending the same detailed network report to everyone |
| Risk is integrated | Schedule risk affects reserves, forecasts, and response plans | Treating risk as separate from the schedule |
Core Schedule Artifacts
| Artifact | Primary use | High-yield exam clue | Watch for |
|---|
| Schedule management plan | Defines how the schedule is planned, developed, monitored, and controlled | “How should scheduling be performed?” | Do not confuse with the schedule itself |
| WBS / scope baseline | Defines deliverables and work packages that feed activity definition | “Need to identify schedule activities” | Activities should trace to scope |
| Activity list | Complete list of schedule activities | “What work must be scheduled?” | Work packages are decomposed into activities |
| Activity attributes | Details such as predecessors, successors, resources, constraints, leads/lags | “Need more detail than activity name” | Attributes mature over time |
| Milestone list | Significant events or decision points | “Contract date,” “phase gate,” “major deliverable acceptance” | Milestones usually have zero duration |
| Network diagram | Visual or logical representation of dependencies | “Need to analyze sequence/path” | Logic quality matters more than layout |
| Schedule model | Data-driven model used to calculate dates | “Update the model and recalculate” | The model includes logic, calendars, constraints, durations, resources |
| Project schedule | Output view of planned dates | “Communicate planned start/finish dates” | A schedule view is not always the whole model |
| Schedule baseline | Approved version used for comparison | “Measure variance against approved dates” | Changing it needs approved change control |
| Schedule data | Supporting details for the schedule | “Need assumptions, constraints, resource details, alternate schedules” | Often more detailed than the displayed schedule |
| Resource calendars | Resource availability and working periods | “Resource unavailable,” “shift calendar,” “holiday” | Calendar errors distort dates |
| Risk register | Identified risks and response plans | “Schedule uncertainty,” “delay risk,” “contingency” | Link risk responses to affected activities |
| Issue log | Current problems requiring action | “Delay has already occurred” | A risk may become an issue |
| Change log | Records approved/rejected changes | “Track baseline change decisions” | Not a substitute for impact analysis |
| Work performance data | Raw status data | “Actual start, actual finish, remaining duration” | Must be validated before reporting |
| Work performance information | Analyzed performance | “Variance, trend, forecast” | Analysis turns data into management insight |
| Schedule forecast | Predicted future schedule performance | “Will we meet the milestone?” | Forecasts should reflect current status and risk |
Schedule Management Plan: Decisions to Define
| Planning decision | Examples |
|---|
| Scheduling methodology | Critical path method, critical chain, agile cadence, rolling-wave planning |
| Scheduling tool and model rules | Naming standards, coding structures, calendars, logic rules |
| Level of detail | Activity duration ranges, control account alignment, planning package handling |
| Units of measure | Hours, days, story points, elapsed time |
| Accuracy and precision | Rounding, estimate confidence, reporting granularity |
| Control thresholds | Variance thresholds that trigger analysis or action |
| Update frequency | Weekly, biweekly, monthly, iteration-based, milestone-based |
| Progress measurement | Percent complete, physical progress, earned value, milestone credit |
| Baseline control | Who can approve schedule baseline changes |
| Reporting formats | Executive dashboard, milestone chart, lookahead schedule, variance report |
| Reserve approach | Contingency for known risks, management reserve where applicable |
| Tailoring | Predictive, adaptive, hybrid, regulatory, contractual, or organizational needs |
Schedule Development Flow
flowchart LR
A[Plan schedule management] --> B[Define activities]
B --> C[Sequence activities]
C --> D[Estimate resources and durations]
D --> E[Develop schedule model]
E --> F[Analyze network, resources, and risk]
F --> G[Approve schedule baseline]
G --> H[Monitor and control schedule]
H --> I[Update actuals and forecasts]
I --> F
H --> J[Change control when baseline impact occurs]
J --> G
Activity Definition and Decomposition
| Concept | Use | Exam distinction |
|---|
| Work package | Lowest WBS component for cost/scope management | Describes deliverable-oriented work |
| Activity | Scheduled unit of work | Used for duration, logic, resources, and progress |
| Planning package | Future work not yet decomposed in detail | Supports rolling-wave planning |
| Rolling-wave planning | Near-term work planned in detail; future work planned at higher level | Best when details emerge over time |
| Milestone | Significant event, often zero duration | Measures progress or decision point, not work effort |
| Activity attribute | Additional scheduling metadata | Enables analysis, filtering, reporting, and control |
Decomposition Checks
- Every activity should trace back to authorized scope.
- Activities should be small enough to estimate, assign, track, and control.
- Avoid extremely long activities unless they are planning packages or summary-level placeholders.
- Do not include unauthorized scope just because it helps the schedule look complete.
- Clarify acceptance, handoffs, and external dependencies early.
Dependency and Logic Reference
| Relationship | Meaning | Typical example | Exam caution |
|---|
| Finish-to-Start | Successor starts after predecessor finishes | Testing starts after build finishes | Most common, but not always correct |
| Start-to-Start | Successor starts after predecessor starts | Editing starts after drafting starts | May need lag for realistic overlap |
| Finish-to-Finish | Successor finishes after predecessor finishes | Inspection finishes after installation finishes | Useful for coordinated completion |
| Start-to-Finish | Successor finishes after predecessor starts | Old system stops after new system starts | Rare; do not choose unless scenario clearly fits |
| Dependency type | Meaning | Example | Management implication |
|---|
| Mandatory | Required by nature of work or contract | Foundation before walls | Hard to change without scope/technical impact |
| Discretionary | Preferred logic or best practice | Review before optional formatting | Candidate for resequencing or fast tracking |
| External | Outside project team control | Permit approval, vendor delivery | Needs monitoring, agreements, and risk responses |
| Internal | Within project/team control | Internal design handoff | Easier to negotiate and optimize |
Leads, Lags, and Constraints
| Item | Use | High-yield warning |
|---|
| Lead | Allows successor to start before predecessor completes | Can increase risk due to overlap |
| Lag | Waiting time between activities | Should represent real wait time, not hidden contingency |
| Constraint | Restricts start/finish date | Overuse can mask true network logic |
| Hard constraint | Strongly fixes a date | Can create negative float or unrealistic results |
| Soft constraint | Preferred target date | Less restrictive; better for planning guidance |
| Deadline | Target date used to calculate variance/float | Does not necessarily force the schedule date |
Critical Path Method Essentials
Forward and Backward Pass
Use the exam’s stated calendar convention. If a question uses day 0 or day 1 counting, follow that convention consistently.
Forward pass:
\[
ES = \max(EF_{\text{predecessors}}), \quad EF = ES + D
\]
Backward pass:
\[
LF = \min(LS_{\text{successors}}), \quad LS = LF - D
\]
Total float:
\[
TF = LS - ES = LF - EF
\]
Free float:
\[
FF = \min(ES_{\text{successors}}) - EF
\]
| Term | Meaning | Exam use |
|---|
| Early start | Earliest an activity can start based on predecessors | Forward pass |
| Early finish | Earliest an activity can finish | Forward pass |
| Late start | Latest an activity can start without delaying project finish or constraint | Backward pass |
| Late finish | Latest an activity can finish without delaying project finish or constraint | Backward pass |
| Total float | Time an activity can slip without delaying the project finish or constrained milestone | Prioritizes schedule risk |
| Free float | Time an activity can slip without delaying any immediate successor | Useful for team-level flexibility |
| Critical path | Longest path through the network; normally zero total float | Determines shortest project duration |
| Near-critical path | Path with low float close to critical | High risk; can become critical quickly |
| Negative float | Schedule is later than required date/constraint | Requires recovery analysis or expectation reset |
| Project float | Time project can slip without missing an externally imposed date | May belong to sponsor/customer, not activity owner |
| Driving path | Path controlling a specific milestone | Useful when milestone matters more than final finish |
| Longest path | Longest logical path through the project | Often used when constraints distort critical path |
| Critical chain | Resource-constrained critical path with buffers | Focuses on resource limits and buffer management |
Duration Estimating Reference
| Technique | Best when | Strength | Weakness / trap |
|---|
| Expert judgment | Experienced specialists are available | Fast and context-sensitive | Can be biased or undocumented |
| Analogous estimating | Similar past work exists | Quick early estimate | Less accurate if similarity is weak |
| Parametric estimating | Reliable rate or productivity factor exists | Scalable and data-based | Bad parameters produce bad estimates |
| Bottom-up estimating | Work is well decomposed | More detailed and defensible | Time-consuming |
| Three-point estimating | Uncertainty is meaningful | Captures optimistic, most likely, pessimistic | Inputs must be realistic |
| Data analysis | Historical records and lessons learned exist | Improves credibility | Poor data quality misleads |
| Reserve analysis | Risks and uncertainty need allowance | Makes uncertainty visible | Padding individual tasks hides risk |
PERT / beta expected duration:
\[
t_E = \frac{O + 4M + P}{6}
\]
Triangular expected duration:
\[
t_E = \frac{O + M + P}{3}
\]
PERT standard deviation:
\[
\sigma = \frac{P - O}{6}
\]
PERT variance:
\[
\sigma^2 = \left(\frac{P - O}{6}\right)^2
\]
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|
| O | Optimistic duration |
| M | Most likely duration |
| P | Pessimistic duration |
| tE | Expected duration |
| sigma | Standard deviation |
Estimating Traps
- Do not treat padding as risk management.
- Do not average estimates blindly when the scenario asks for PERT.
- Do not ignore resource calendars when converting effort to duration.
- Effort and duration are not the same.
- A full-time resource may reduce duration; adding more resources may not, especially with coordination or technical limits.
- If uncertainty is high, improve assumptions, use ranges, perform risk analysis, or plan progressively.
Resource and Calendar Concepts
| Concept | Meaning | Exam relevance |
|---|
| Effort | Labor required, such as person-hours | Used for estimating workload |
| Duration | Time from start to finish | Affected by calendars, availability, dependencies |
| Elapsed duration | Clock time regardless of working time | Useful for curing, waiting, shipping |
| Resource calendar | When a resource is available | Drives realistic start/finish dates |
| Project calendar | General working/nonworking periods | Default schedule basis |
| Activity calendar | Calendar specific to an activity | Needed for special shifts or constraints |
| Resource histogram | Resource use over time | Shows peaks and overloads |
| Resource breakdown structure | Hierarchical resource categories | Helps organize planning and reporting |
| Resource over-allocation | More work assigned than capacity | Requires leveling, smoothing, or negotiation |
Resource Optimization Decision Table
| Situation | Best technique | Why | Watch for |
|---|
| Resource demand exceeds availability | Resource leveling | Adjusts dates to resolve overloads | May extend schedule or change critical path |
| Need to optimize resources without changing critical path | Resource smoothing | Uses available float to even resource use | Cannot exceed available float |
| Scarce expert assigned to multiple critical tasks | Leveling or prioritization | Resolves impossible plan | Sponsor/functional manager may need to decide priority |
| Deadline cannot move but overload exists | Add resources, resequence, reduce scope, or escalate | Leveling alone may miss deadline | Must analyze trade-offs |
| Work can overlap safely | Fast tracking | Reduces duration by parallel work | Increases rework and coordination risk |
| More resources can shorten critical activity | Crashing | Trades cost/resources for time | Works only where duration is resource-sensitive |
| Work waits for risk event or handoff | Calendar/logic adjustment | Represents real timing | Avoid artificial lags when a better logic link exists |
Schedule Compression
| Technique | What changes | Best when | Main risk |
|---|
| Crashing | Adds resources or cost to shorten duration | Critical path activities can be shortened cost-effectively | Increased cost, diminishing returns |
| Fast tracking | Performs work in parallel that was planned sequentially | Dependencies are discretionary or overlap is acceptable | Rework, quality issues, coordination failure |
| Scope reduction | Removes or defers work | Sponsor/customer agrees to changed scope | Requires formal approval where baseline is affected |
| Resequencing | Changes discretionary logic | Logic is preferential, not mandatory | May introduce risk if assumptions are weak |
| Calendar change | Adds shifts, overtime, or workdays | Resources and policies allow it | Burnout, cost, quality, constraints |
| Process improvement | Removes waste or improves throughput | Bottlenecks are process-based | Benefits may be uncertain |
Compression Selection Rules
- Confirm the activity is on the critical path or driving path.
- Identify the least disruptive option first.
- Evaluate cost, risk, quality, scope, and stakeholder impact.
- Recommend options; do not silently change commitments.
- Use change control if baseline dates, scope, cost, or contractual commitments are affected.
Schedule Risk Analysis
| Technique | Use | Output |
|---|
| Risk identification | Find threats and opportunities affecting schedule | Updated risk register |
| Qualitative risk analysis | Prioritize risks by probability/impact | Watch list, high-priority risks |
| Quantitative risk analysis | Numerically model uncertainty | Probability of meeting dates, confidence ranges |
| What-if analysis | Test alternate scenarios | Contingency plans and decision options |
| Monte Carlo simulation | Model many possible schedule outcomes | Date confidence curves, probabilistic finish dates |
| Sensitivity analysis | Identify variables with greatest impact | Tornado chart, key schedule drivers |
| Reserve analysis | Check adequacy of contingency | Reserve recommendations |
| Risk response planning | Reduce threats or enhance opportunities | Mitigation, avoidance, transfer, acceptance, exploitation |
Expected monetary value, when used:
\[
EMV = Probability \times Impact
\]
Schedule risk is often better expressed in time impact, probability of meeting milestones, or confidence intervals rather than only cost.
| Risk response | Threat use | Opportunity use |
|---|
| Avoid / Exploit | Change plan to eliminate threat | Ensure opportunity occurs |
| Mitigate / Enhance | Reduce probability or impact | Increase probability or benefit |
| Transfer / Share | Shift ownership or impact | Partner to capture benefit |
| Accept | Take no proactive action beyond monitoring/reserve | Accept if benefit does not justify action |
| Metric | Plain formula | Interpretation |
|---|
| Planned Value | PV = authorized budget for scheduled work | What should have been earned by now |
| Earned Value | EV = budgeted value of completed work | Value of work actually completed |
| Actual Cost | AC = actual cost incurred | What has been spent |
| Schedule Variance | SV = EV - PV | Positive is ahead of planned value; negative is behind |
| Schedule Performance Index | SPI = EV / PV | Greater than 1 is favorable; less than 1 is unfavorable |
| Cost Variance | CV = EV - AC | Positive is under budget; negative is over |
| Cost Performance Index | CPI = EV / AC | Greater than 1 is favorable; less than 1 is unfavorable |
| Estimate at Completion | EAC = forecast total cost | Cost forecast, not a finish date |
| Variance at Completion | VAC = BAC - EAC | Expected budget variance |
| To-Complete Performance Index | TCPI = work remaining / funds remaining | Efficiency needed for remaining work |
EVM Schedule Traps
- SV and SPI are value-based, not direct calendar-day measures.
- SPI can become less useful near the end of a project because EV approaches PV when all planned work is complete.
- A project can have favorable cost performance and still be late.
- Percent complete should be based on defined measurement rules, not optimism.
- Schedule control should combine EVM, critical path analysis, milestone trends, and forecast dates.
Monitoring and Controlling Schedule
| Step | What to do | Exam clue |
|---|
| Establish data date | Set the status point for progress measurement | “As of Friday,” “current reporting period” |
| Collect actuals | Actual start/finish, remaining duration, percent complete where valid | “Team reports progress” |
| Validate data | Check completeness, timing, and credibility | “Conflicting status reports” |
| Update model | Enter actuals and remaining work | “Recalculate schedule” |
| Check logic | Fix open ends, invalid constraints, out-of-sequence progress | “Dates look wrong” |
| Analyze variance | Compare current schedule to baseline | “Behind baseline” |
| Analyze path impact | Determine critical/driving path effect | “Will milestone be missed?” |
| Forecast | Predict completion dates and confidence | “Can we still meet target?” |
| Recommend action | Corrective/preventive actions, risk responses, change requests | “What should the scheduler do next?” |
| Communicate | Tailor message to stakeholders | “Sponsor wants status” |
| Control changes | Use formal change control for baseline changes | “Need to rebaseline” |
Statusing Rules
| Rule | Why it matters |
|---|
| No incomplete work in the past | Remaining work before the data date distorts forecasts |
| No actual work in the future | Actuals after the data date are invalid |
| Actual dates override planned dates | Status must reflect reality |
| Remaining duration matters | Percent complete alone does not forecast finish |
| Out-of-sequence progress needs review | It may show bad logic, real resequencing, or data error |
| Recalculate after updates | Do not interpret stale dates |
| Compare to baseline after model validation | Bad status data produces false variance |
Baseline and Change Control Decisions
| Scenario | Best next action | Avoid |
|---|
| Activity is late but milestone still has float | Analyze and monitor; communicate if threshold is met | Escalating as if project finish is already late |
| Critical path activity slips | Assess impact, forecast, identify recovery options | Updating baseline without approval |
| Sponsor asks to move approved finish date | Perform impact analysis and submit change request if baseline changes | Changing the schedule informally |
| Team reports unrealistic remaining duration | Validate with team, update assumptions, revise forecast | Accepting optimistic status without challenge |
| New mandatory dependency appears | Update logic, analyze impact, raise risk/issue/change as appropriate | Hiding dependency with lag |
| External vendor delay occurs | Update actual/forecast data, assess contractual and milestone impact, plan response | Waiting until the deadline is missed |
| Negative float appears | Identify driver, develop recovery options, communicate impact | Treating negative float as normal float |
| Scope is added | Follow integrated change control; update schedule only after authorization | Absorbing scope without schedule impact analysis |
| Baseline no longer useful due to approved major change | Rebaseline through approved process | Rebaselining to erase poor performance |
Schedule Quality Checks
| Check | What to look for | Why it matters |
|---|
| Missing predecessors/successors | Open starts or open finishes without justification | Weak logic hides true drivers |
| Excessive constraints | Must-start/must-finish dates forcing results | Reduces model credibility |
| Excessive lags/leads | Large or unexplained gaps/overlaps | May hide missing activities or risk |
| Negative float | Dates cannot meet required target | Requires recovery or expectation reset |
| High float outliers | Activities disconnected from real logic | May indicate missing dependencies |
| Long-duration activities | Hard-to-track work packages | Reduces control visibility |
| Invalid actual dates | Future actuals or inconsistent status | Corrupts forecast |
| Out-of-sequence progress | Successor progressed before predecessor complete | May require logic or status correction |
| Calendar mismatch | Wrong workdays, holidays, shifts | Causes inaccurate dates |
| Resource overloads | Assignments exceed capacity | Schedule may be infeasible |
| Baseline mismatch | Current schedule not comparable to approved baseline | Invalid variance analysis |
| Missing risk links | High-risk activities not reflected in reserves/responses | Understates uncertainty |
Communication and Reporting
| Audience | Useful schedule view | What they usually need |
|---|
| Sponsor / steering group | Milestone summary, trend chart, forecast | Decisions, exceptions, confidence |
| Project manager | Critical path, variance, risk, recovery options | Control actions and trade-offs |
| Team leads | Lookahead schedule, handoffs, constraints | Near-term priorities |
| Functional managers | Resource histogram, allocation forecast | Staffing conflicts and capacity |
| Customer / client | Contract milestones, deliverable dates, impacts | Commitment status and change implications |
| Vendors | Interface milestones, delivery dates, dependencies | Coordination and accountability |
| Agile team | Iteration plan, backlog flow, release forecast | Work sequencing and delivery predictability |
Good Schedule Communication
- State the data date.
- Distinguish baseline dates, current forecast dates, and target dates.
- Explain drivers, not just symptoms.
- Show options with impacts on time, cost, scope, quality, and risk.
- Escalate decisions, not raw confusion.
- Do not hide unfavorable information.
Predictive, Adaptive, and Hybrid Scheduling
| Environment | Scheduling focus | Common artifacts | PMI-SP exam angle |
|---|
| Predictive | Detailed upfront schedule baseline and control | WBS, network diagram, Gantt chart, baseline, milestone chart | CPM, float, baseline variance, change control |
| Adaptive / agile | Cadence, flow, prioritization, release forecasting | Product backlog, iteration plan, release roadmap, burn chart | Forecast with velocity/throughput and changing scope |
| Hybrid | Predictive milestones with adaptive delivery inside phases | Integrated master schedule, release plan, phase gates | Align iterative work with fixed milestones |
| Rolling wave | Detail near-term work; keep future work higher level | Planning packages, updated activity detail | Appropriate when uncertainty decreases over time |
Agile Schedule Concepts Worth Knowing
| Concept | Meaning | Scheduling use |
|---|
| Timebox | Fixed-duration iteration or event | Protects cadence and predictability |
| Velocity | Work completed per iteration | Used for release forecasting, not as a productivity weapon |
| Burndown chart | Remaining work over time | Shows whether team is trending toward completion |
| Burnup chart | Completed work and total scope over time | Shows progress and scope change |
| Cumulative flow diagram | Work items by workflow state | Reveals bottlenecks and WIP buildup |
| Lead time | Time from request to delivery | Customer-facing flow metric |
| Cycle time | Time actively worked from start to finish | Process efficiency metric |
| WIP limit | Cap on work in progress | Improves flow and reduces multitasking |
| Release roadmap | Forecast of features/capabilities over time | Connects agile delivery to stakeholder expectations |
Velocity forecast:
\[
Iterations\ Needed = \frac{Remaining\ Backlog}{Average\ Velocity}
\]
Use velocity as a planning input. Do not treat it as a guaranteed commitment when backlog size, team capacity, or priorities change.
Common “What Should the Scheduler Do Next?” Scenarios
| Scenario | Best answer pattern |
|---|
| Requested finish date is unrealistic | Build/analyze the schedule, identify gap, propose options, communicate impact |
| Stakeholder wants a date commitment before analysis | Explain that commitment requires validated estimates, logic, resources, and risk review |
| Critical resource is unavailable | Update calendar/availability, analyze impact, evaluate alternatives, escalate if priority decision is needed |
| Team wants to add hidden buffer to each task | Use transparent reserve/risk planning instead |
| Schedule shows finish later than contract milestone | Verify model, analyze drivers, identify recovery options, communicate and use change/control processes |
| Many activities use hard constraints | Review and replace with logic where possible |
| Delay has already happened | Treat as issue; update actuals, forecast impact, plan corrective action |
| Delay might happen | Treat as risk; assess probability/impact and plan response |
| Project is behind but cost is favorable | Analyze schedule drivers; do not assume cost performance solves time performance |
| A manager asks to rebaseline due to poor performance | Rebaseline only through approved change control and valid justification |
| Agile release forecast slips | Reforecast using actual velocity/throughput, review scope priorities, communicate options |
| Vendor milestone is missed | Update schedule, review contract/interface impact, escalate per governance, plan mitigation |
| Stakeholders dispute progress | Validate measurement method, inspect objective evidence, update status transparently |
High-Yield Distinctions
| Do not confuse | Distinction |
|---|
| Schedule model vs schedule | Model calculates dates; schedule is a communicated output/view |
| Target date vs baseline date | Target may be desired; baseline is approved for performance measurement |
| Duration vs effort | Duration is calendar time; effort is labor required |
| Lag vs contingency | Lag is modeled waiting time; contingency is risk allowance |
| Risk vs issue | Risk may occur; issue has occurred |
| Free float vs total float | Free float protects immediate successors; total float protects project/milestone finish |
| Crashing vs fast tracking | Crashing adds resources/cost; fast tracking overlaps work |
| Leveling vs smoothing | Leveling may change finish date; smoothing stays within available float |
| Corrective vs preventive action | Corrective addresses current variance; preventive reduces future variance risk |
| Forecast vs baseline | Forecast is current prediction; baseline is approved comparison point |
| Percent complete vs remaining duration | Percent complete reports progress; remaining duration drives finish forecast |
| Milestone variance vs critical path impact | A missed milestone may or may not affect final completion |
Professional Responsibility for PMI-SP Candidates
PMI-SP scenarios often reward professional schedule behavior:
- Report schedule status honestly and objectively.
- Do not manipulate logic, constraints, or baselines to hide variance.
- Disclose assumptions, uncertainty, and confidence level.
- Respect approved governance and change control.
- Use historical data responsibly.
- Communicate bad news early with options.
- Collaborate with project managers, teams, sponsors, vendors, and functional managers.
- Protect confidential project information.
Final Review Checklist
Before exam day, make sure you can quickly:
- Build a simple network diagram from dependencies.
- Perform forward and backward pass calculations.
- Identify critical path, total float, free float, and negative float.
- Choose between crashing, fast tracking, leveling, and smoothing.
- Interpret schedule variance, SPI, and milestone trends.
- Explain why a baseline cannot be changed informally.
- Diagnose bad schedule logic, constraints, lags, and calendar issues.
- Select the right report for the stakeholder.
- Distinguish risk responses from issue management.
- Apply rolling-wave, agile, or hybrid scheduling when the scenario calls for it.
Next step: practice PMI-SP-style scenario questions that require calculation, schedule diagnosis, and “best next action” decisions under realistic project constraints.